India has ushered in a new era of justice with the implementation of three transformative criminal laws – Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA). These laws replace the colonial-era Indian Penal Code (IPC), Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), and Indian Evidence Act, marking a significant shift in the country’s legal landscape.
Here’s a breakdown of the 20 key highlights of the new laws:
Enhanced Reporting and Transparency:
- Online FIR: Individuals can now report crimes electronically, streamlining the process and facilitating quicker action.
- Zero FIR: File an FIR at any police station, irrespective of jurisdiction, eliminating delays in legal proceedings.
- Free FIR Copy: Victims receive a free copy of the FIR, ensuring their involvement in the legal process.
- Display of Arrest Information: Arrest details are prominently displayed for easier access by family and friends.
Strengthened Investigations and Victim Support:
- Forensic Evidence & Videography: Mandatory involvement of forensic experts and videography at crime scenes for serious offenses.
- Speedy Investigations: Prioritized investigations for crimes against women and children, completed within two months.
- Victim Progress Updates: Regular updates on case progress provided to victims every 90 days.
- Free Medical Care for Victims: Free first-aid or medical treatment for victims of crimes against women and children in all hospitals.
- Statement Before Female Magistrate: Sensitive recording of statements by female victims in specific cases.
Efficient Legal Proceedings:
- Electronic Summons: Faster communication through electronic summons delivered via SMS.
- Limited Adjournments: Courts can grant a maximum of two adjournments to expedite trials.
- Document Access: Both accused and victim have the right to receive copies of legal documents within 14 days.
- Witness Protection Scheme: Mandatory creation of witness protection schemes for all states to ensure witness safety and cooperation.
Equality and Social Responsibility:
- Gender-Inclusive Definition: The definition of “gender” now includes transgender persons, promoting inclusivity.
- Exemption from Police Station Visits: Vulnerable groups can request police assistance at their residence.
- New Chapter on Crimes against Women & Children: Dedicated focus on protection and justice for vulnerable groups.
- Community Service: Option of community service for minor offenses, promoting rehabilitation and social responsibility.
- Gender-Neutral Crimes: Several crimes against women and children are now gender-neutral, providing broader protection.
Technological Advancements:
- Electronic Legal Proceedings: Streamlined and expedited legal processes through electronic means for all involved parties.
- Modernized Justice System: Overall shift towards a more modern and efficient justice system.
These comprehensive reforms mark a significant step towards a more victim-centric, efficient, and inclusive legal system in India.
